
A2 Media Studies
Genre Conventions
Horror
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DESCRIPTION - These types of films usually inflict fear to the audience through unsettling on-screen action which startle the viewers.
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PROPS - Often in horror film props that are used are usually threatening weapons that could be used to harm someone for example saws, knives, hammers, chainsaws and other weapons which are harmful and inflict pain. The more harmful the weapon is, the more shock or anxiety it will build within the audience. Also fake blood is heavily featured in horror films to look real which is a very effective way of building suspense and worry for the audience.
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LOCATION - Dark and isolated , which again helps create suspense. Usually woods, graveyard, empty house etc.
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CHARACTERS - Horror films feature an antagonist which their aim is to cause harm and fear to the protagonists.
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EDITING - Pace is generally fast, jumping from various shots to another very quickly which builds tension and helps to make the audience jump.
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SOUND - Music plays a vital role in horror films it is usually mainly quiet throughout but becomes louder to encourage suspense as the antagonist most likely makes their move. Sound effects help bring the action alive and makes the film more realistic.
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CAMERA ANGLES -
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Extreme Long Shot – In horror films, this establishing shot normally is portrayed with grey skies or darkness in the background to create a form of pathetic fallacy to set a hyperbole to give an idea that bad things happen in this location.
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Long Shot – This kind of shot is generally used when showing the exact location of a murder, sometimes also containing either the murderer or the victim.
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Mid shot – This gives a more precise view of the character from the waist up, generally only containing no more than two/three characters to narrow down the focus and imply the significance these characters have. This shot is also known as a social shot due to the fact that it easily portrays there characters interactions with each other as well as the environment surrounding them.
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Close-up – This shot contains the focus on one character to portray their emotions, generally depicted by the amount of focus shown on the background behind them. This is used to create a sense of empathy and pity for the character – normally used to show the most influential characters within the film.
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Extreme close-up – containing one part of this characters face, body or other object normally in a horror film showing an injury, thus adding a sense of sympathy towards the character. The object that this shot focuses on is normally of huge significance to the film, thus allowing it to stick in the audiences mind. This type of shot creates an intense mood and provides interaction between the audience and the viewer.
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LIGHTING - Low key lighting is often used a lot in horror as it makes it more suspicious and tension building as we are unable to see exactly what is happening, making the audience feel uneasy and on the edge.
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MY OPINION - I believe that creating a horror short film would work particularly well as the locations are easily accessible for example local woodsl. However, I made a horror opening last year which looking back on was not as great as i would have liked. We found it difficult to actually build suspense and make it actally scary, without it being awkward or cheesy to watch. Also it is difficul to film in the dark becase you have to ave a special light that will enable the camera to pick up the actors withouth it making it look like there is a light being used, these light are not accessible through my school, unlike the camera and the tripod. This means we would have to prchase this ourelves. I also thought it woud be a good idea to explore a different genre because we did it last year and that it may be a good chance to explore different genres.




Romance
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DESCRIPTION- Romance films are love stories focusing greatly on passion and feelings towards the two main characters and usually their relationship builds throughout the film.
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PROPS - Usually mobile phones, computers and other everyday props.
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LOCATION - For a teen romance films, it may be set in school or college. However for the older audiences, the films will most likely be set in the city like London or New York, somewhere busy.
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CHARACTERS - The two main characters are generally male and female who have not met each other before but get to know each other and fall in love. Often the characters tend to shy away and hide their feelings but the characters begin to form a romantic relationship with one another.
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EDITING - If one character is falling in love with the other character then the editing pace is usually slow but then increase greatly to emphasise that the character cannot control their feelings and emotions to the other.
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SOUNDS - The music is most often soft pop music to set the romantic atmosphere. Soft, classical music is generally used when the character actually meet and fall in love. Sound effects used in romantic films are very limited as generally non-diegetic music is used, if the film is a comedy-romance then sound effects will more likely occur but in just a romance film then sound effects will most likely be used to show success in their relationships or problems
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CAMERA ANGLES -
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Mid shots - used effectively to set the scene and introduce characters. This helps the audience understand and interpret where the characters are and who the characters being shown are.
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High angle shots - used frequently in romances to help set the scene and depending on which characters are being shown within the shot, help set a romantic feel to the film opening.
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Panning shots and tracking movement - can be used often in romance genre to show attachment through two people following each other or walking together.
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LIGHTINING - The lighting often used in romance films varies, oftem beginning with low key lighting, to show the character is , sad or unhappy, perhaps lonley, however usually ending with high key lighting, when the character is finallyhappy, and in love, or at least not lonley.
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MY OPINION - I think that creating a romantic film would be possible, especially a teen-romance because i would have access to my school as a lcation and theatre studies students as the actors and actresses. However im not sre they would feel comfortable being romantic, and as many amntic films end; with a kiss. I also belive that it would be very difficult to script a romantic short film, as we would have to make it intersting fr somene to want to watch it from start to end, and i wouldnt know how to write that in a romantic way.





Comedy
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DESCRIPTION - These films are funny and are usually paired with other genres like romance and action.
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PROPS - Props used in comedy films are generally less predictive as it covers a variety of things, meaning each film produced is unique.
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LOCATIONS - Locations can also vary as comedy can take plac in all places and circumstances, whilst a romantc film would be based aound people falling in and out of love. a comedy usually has a main story that is not based around something funny, instead the acions that the charaer does or what hapens to the chracter whlst following thr main plot is what is funny. could include a vast amount and as it can be pretty much anywhere. . Generally though, basic locations are used in comedies like their own house or local schools and streets.
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CHARACTERS - Comedies usually have a main character and often a character that provides the majority of the humour alongside the rest of the group.
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EDITING - The majority of comedy films tend to have an average speed of editing pace throughout the film but this may increase in certain parts.
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SOUND - Upbeat and lively music is usually used in comedies to match what’s happening on screen, reflecting the mood and genre. Some sound effects are used in comedies to emphasis something funny ie. when someone falls over or gets hit.
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CAMERA ANGLES -
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Over the Shoulder Shot - Over the shoulder shots are typically used to show that a conversation between two characters is taking place. A shot like this also has the potential to establish a relationship between two characters which in this shot could be just friends or illustrate that it could be more as the film progresses.
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Close-up - Close up’s allowed the audience to see just the characters face in order to make a judgment on what they might be feeling or thinking.
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Mid-Shot - These shots are used frequently in order to determine the characters body language towards the other character to see whether they are shy around each other, care for one another etc.
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Long Shot - With a long shot the audience is able to see the characters entire bodyalong with some of the scenery. Long shots can determine how much space the characters have around them and how close the two main characters are to one another which can be a good judgement for an audience on how much they like/dislike each other at that period in the film.
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LIGHTING - High key lighting is often used in comedies because they are ususally very light and funny, bright lighting is used to keep the film, happy and light hearted.
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MY OPINION - I think that personally comedy is very hard to pull off, something you find funny someone else may not, there is a very fine line with comedy and I dont feel like I would be able to do it well. In terms of location, props and characters making a comedy should be easy with pretty much no restrains on conventions to follow, however this still doesn't outweigh the idea of writting a comedy.
Action




Action
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DESCRIPTION - These usually consist of a person who overcomes various challenges by performing abnormal physical activities which a unrealistic in real life.
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PROPS - Mostly guns, cars, and helicopters etc
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LOCATIONS - Locations generally include cities and other well populated areas as this creates more suspense for the audience as a city seems much more valuable than a rural area as many people will not be in as much danger. The locations within cities are usually the busy roads and high skyscrapers.
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CHARACTER - The leading character for an action is mainly a physically strong character that usually has accompanying members to help them on their journey.
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EDITING - The editing pace is usually quite averagely paced with fight scenes or car chase scenes having a much greater editing pace to help emphasise the situation.
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MUSIC - Usually very loud, being upbeat to match the on-screen action and editing pace. Sound effects occur greatly in the majority of action films as they help shock and make the on-screen action more life-like.
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CAMERA ANGLES -
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Tracking shots - used to keep up with the constant action taking place in the film, ususally with chases and fights taking place.
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Close ups - to show the expression on the characters face, and their reaction to the action taking place.
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Wide shots - Probably used so all of the action is being able to seen, for example a fight scene, usually it isnt just two people fighting, often includes more people or more action in the backgrounf like explosions or something important to the storyline.
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LIGHTING - Low key lighting more likely to be used, when the villian is represented as they want them to be seen in a bad light, whereas when the hero is portrayed, it will more likely be high key lighting, to portray them as a good person in a good light.
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MY OPINION - This particular genre would likely be the most difficult to produce due because it would require large budget it make it look any good. The locations would be difficult to use as they are well populated areas. Most of the conventions of and action film seem to cause a problem for us if we would want to make one, this is why me and Meg will be staying well away from producig an action film.




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DESCRIPTION - Drama films usually portray a characters journey, development that usually doesn't go as smoothly as the character would of wished for. The purpose of a dramatic story line is to move the audience emotionally or at least have them feeling for the character.
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PROPS - The use of props can be pretty wide depending on the plot of the film, msly just everyday/househld objects would be used.
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LOCATIONS - Again this depends on the plot of the film however it is likely that it will take place in houses and local areas perhaps school depending on the age range of the film, nothing to abnormal.
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CHARACTERS - Usually the story is baed around one characters life, and their problems, and then uses other character to either help or hinder the main charcter on their path.
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EDITING - The editing is usually just normal, not particulary fast unless they are trying to build the suspense of the audience, if it is building up to a large point in the plot, but often just good continuity cuts.
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SOUND - Music tht is usd is often soft and calm, unless th plot it at its peak when perhaps the suspense from the audience is high then the music may et faster and louder. Not many sound effects ae used, very little non-diegetic sound will be used apart from music.
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CAMERA ANGLES - In dramas most camera angles are used
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Establishing Shot - usually used in the opening shot of a new scene. Used so we can identify location. The assumptions we make about the location are often key to the storyline.
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Close Up Shot - A close up shot shows either an object or a persons face close up so that they take up most of the space. Used to show emotions. Often used in dramatic moments.
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Mid Shot - A shot that shows someone from the waist up and we can see more clearly where they are and the relation with other people
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Long Shot - A shot that shows a person from head to toe, gives us greater understanding of the location. Often used early in a scene or when a character first enters the scene.
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Point of View - A Shot of what the character is seeing. Normally we see a shot of the character ‘looking’ then we cut to the POV.
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Wide Shot - A wide shot is used is used to show action which is happening over a large space or to show several people at once. Used in the middle of a scene.
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Two Shot - This is a shot that has two people in the frame. They could be next to each other or one in the foreground and one in the background
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Over the Shoulder - A shot in which the subject of the shot is filmed from behind a person’s head and shoulders. Often used in conversation and ‘we’ are almost part of the scene.
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LIGHTING - Both lighting techniques used in dramas, mostly Low Key lighting as the story progresses and the 'dramas' take place, but towards the end of the film when the issue is ususally resolved the lighting turns to High Key and the story is usually turning happy.
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MY OPINION - Me and Meg hav had a few basic ideas for a drama, and we really like this idea as a genre because simplistically all yu need is a 'dramatic' problem/issue to arise in the characters strry and you have yourself a drama. The convntions are very open, alowing you take the plot wherever you wanted t, which makes it easier when planning as we are able to use all the location resources close to us ie. home, school etc. Dramas can end happy or sad, which again will enable us to take the plot wherever we want it an then change right before the end if we wish. Me and Meg feel it will be the one we will be able to carry ut the most efficiently nd create a god five minue short film on and that is why w have chosen drama as or genre.
Drama




